000			02650nab a2200265 4500
005			20260520004413.0
008			260224s2012 xxu ing
041			_aInglés
245	0	0	_aScale Prediction and Inhibition for Oil and Gas Production at High Temperature/High Pressure
260			_a _b _cjun. 2012
270			_a17/12/2012 ; 17/12/2012
300			_a13 p. ; 379-392
520			_aTranscripción del resumen del autor With the advance of new exploration and production technologies, oil and gas production has gone to deeper and tighter formations than ever before. These developments have also brought challenges in scale prediction and inhibition, such as the prevention of scale formation at high temperatures (150-200°C), pressures (1,000-1,500 bar), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (>300,000 mg/L) commonly experienced at these depths. This paper will discuss (1) the challenges of scale prediction at high temperatures, pressures, and TDS; (2) an efficient method to study the nucleation kinetics of scale formation and inhibition at these conditions; and (3) the kinetics of barite-crystal nucleation and precipitation in the presence of various scale inhibitors and the effectiveness of those inhibitors. In this study, nine scale inhibitors have been evaluated at 70-200°C to determine if they can successfully prevent barite precipitation. The results show that only a few inhibitors can effectively inhibit barite formation at 200°C. Although it is commonly believed that phosphonate scale inhibitors may not work for high-temperature inhibition applications, the results from this study suggest that barite-scale inhibition by phosphonate inhibitors was not impaired at 200°C under strictly anoxic condition in NaCl brine. However, phosphonate inhibitors can precipitate with Ca2+ at high temperatures and, hence, can reduce efficiency. In addition, the relationships of scale inhibition to types of inhibitors and temperature are explored in this study. This paper addresses the limits of the current predition of mineral solubility at high-temperature/high-pressure (HT/HP) conditions and sheds light on inhibitior selection for HT/HP application. The findings from this paper can be used as guidelines for applications in an HT/HP oilfield environment.
581			_a2
773	0		_tSPE Journal _g17
942			_cARTICULO
100	1		_aFan, Chunfang _952847
100	1		_aKan, Amy T. _952844
100	1		_aZhang, Ping _952845
100	1		_aLu, Haiping _952843
100	1		_aWork, Sarah _952848
100	1		_aYu, Jie _952846
100	1		_aTomson, Mason B. _952849
999			_c187500 _d187500