000			01909nab a2200205 4500
005			20260520001038.0
008			260224s2008 xxu
245	0	0	_aUtility payments in Ukraine: Affordability, subsidies and arrears
260			_a _b _cnov. 2008
270			_a23/06/2011 ; 23/06/2011
300			_a8 p. ; 4178-4185
520			_aTranscripción del resumen del autor. Excess heat from a kraft pulp mill can be used either internally to increase the level of efficiency in the mill, or externally for example as district heating. This paper presents an approach to investigate the competition between external and internal use through modelling the pulp mill and an energy company (ECO) within the same system boundary. Three different sizes of ECOs with different district heating demands are studied. To investigate the competitiveness of using industrial excess heat as district heating compared with other heat production techniques, the option of investing in excess heat use is introduced, along with the possibility for the ECO to invest in biomass combined heat and power (CHP), waste CHP and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC). To evaluate the robustness of the model, alternative solutions are identified and will be used as a comparison to the optimal solutions. The model has been verified by comparing the results with previous studies concerning kraft pulp mills and with related studies regarding district heating and real ECOs. Finally, the approach presented in this part of the study will be used in the second part in order to investigate the trade-off between internal and external use of excess heat under different future energy market scenarios.
581			_a11
773	0		_tEnergy Policy _g36
942			_cARTICULO
100	1		_aSvensson, Inger-Lise _950403
100	1		_aJönsson, Johanna _950404
100	1		_aBerntsson, Thore _950405
999			_c183039 _d183039