000			01833nab a2200193 4500
005			20260520000835.0
008			260224s2009 xxu
245	0	0	_aEnergy efficiency of microwave- and conventionally heated reactors compared at meso scale for organic reactions
260			_a _b _cnov./dic. 2009
270			_a08/06/2010 ; 08/06/2010
300			_a9 p. ; 5438-5447
520			_aTranscripción del resumen del autor. This study reports on the energy efficiency of microwave heating at the largest currently accessible scale in commercial microwave reactors (1-3 L). The energy consumptions of four microwave reactors, each with different operating principles, were compared against one another and against a conventionally heated jacketed reaction vessel for four pharmaceutically relevant organic reactions under identical conditions using a commercial wattmeter. In addition, several scales of reaction were investigated in one microwave reactor. The results show that microwave heating can be more energy-efficient than conventional heating under many conditions. However, these results are highly dependent upon the design of the microwave reactor (manufacturer and operating principle), with significant differences being observed between them. They are also dependent upon the scale applied, with multimode microwave reactors being more efficient at larger scales. Shorter reaction times were also more efficient in microwave reactors, but the benefits were completely lost for long reactions. Overall, these results show that, at this scale, microwave heating is generally more energy-efficient than conventional heating.
581			_a6
773	0		_tEnergy & fuels _g23
942			_cARTICULO
100	1		_aMoseley, Jonathan D. _942248
100	1		_aWoodman, Emily K. _942249
999			_c170774 _d170774