000			01599nab a2200193 4500
005			20260520000814.0
008			260224s2009 xxu
245	0	0	_aComparison of novozym 435 and amberlyst 15 as heterogeneous catalyst for production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate
260			_a _b _cene. 2009
270			_a14/04/2009 ; 13/04/2009
300			_a3 p. ; 1-4
520			_aPalm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a byproduct from the palm oil refinery process, has recently been utilized as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel (BD) production via homogeneous acid-catalyzed esterification. This process suffers from catalyst recovery, wastewater treatment, and BD purification. To minimize the problem, heterogeneous catalysts, Novozym 435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B) and Amberlyst 15 (acidic styrene-divinylbenzene sulfonated ion-exchange resin), are tested and their catalytic activities under various reaction conditions are compared. Novozym 435 acts fast and its optimal specific activity (g BD/h/g catalyst) is 50-fold higher than that of Amberlyst 15. The maximum BD yields obtained using Novozym 435 and Amberlyst 15 are 95 and 97%, respectively. Both catalysts are recycled more than 15 cycles without losing their activities. The results suggest that both Novozym 435 and Amberlyst 15 can be effectively used for BD production from PFAD.
773	0		_tEnergy & fuels _g23
942			_cARTICULO
100	1		_aRahman Talukder, M.M. _940788
100	1		_aWu, J.C. _940789
100	1		_aLau, S.K. _940790
999			_c169511 _d169511