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041			_aInglés
100	1		_aPhillips, G. _925855
110	2		_aFoster Wheeler USA Corp. _95171
245	0	0	_aHydrogen - innovative business solutions _bFor 2005 & beyond
270			_a2009-05-20 ; 19/12/2003
500			_aPublicado en el sitio web de Foster Wheeler, donde pueden consultarse otros artículos sobre temas relacionados. ; The European Refining Technology Conference - Process. Paris, France 22nd to 24th November 1999. ; Navegadores de Internet ; Adobe Acrobat (PDF)
520			_aThe demand for hydrogen is increasing, driven mainly by the need to produce clean, low sulphur fuels. At the same time concerns about CO2 emissions is resulting in refiners looking to reduce dedicated hydrogen production facilities if at all possible (the hydrogen production process produces a significant quantity of CO2, typically 10kg CO2/kg H2 product). The above conflict calls for a process of hydrogen optimisation and/or minimisation. This paper discusses a methodological, systematic approach to this problem and is referred to as "Hydrogen Management" A Hydrogen Management Study considers all issues and opportunities relating to the demand, supply and usage of hydrogen. Current operations are benchmarked and future investment options and the envelope of operation scenarios are fully considered in a structured, comprehensive study. Hydrogen Pinch has a role to play in helping target project options, which can then be evaluated further by software tools including Linear Programming. In this area Foster Wheeler has an alliance with AspenTech. Any hydrogen solution must however, be tested, not just for economic viability, but for technical robustness, refinery integration and constructability. This testing is implicit in the Hydrogen Management approach. A valuable output from this methodology is a "roadmap", a simple diagram of options for refinery development over various time frames. This paper includes a project example of Hydrogen Management where hydrogen production capacity was decreased by 60 metric tonnes per day, resulting not just in a reduction in capital and operating expense but also to a significant abatement in CO2 emission. The Hydrogen Management approach can lead to a significant reduction in hydrogen production and may even avoid the need for new facilities. However, if new capacity is unavoidable, then this cost could be minimised by taking advantage of, for example, thirdparty supply Build-Own-Operate agreements, shared facilities and technology improvements.
650		0	_aCombustibles alternativos _91161
650		0	_aHidrógeno _91164
650		0	_aAbastecimiento de energía _93400
650		0	_aEstudios de mercado _92355
650		0	_aProyecciones económicas _95112
650		0	_aHidrógeno producido en refinerías de petróleo _925849
710	2		_aFoster Wheeler USA Corp. _95171
856			_uhttp://www.fwc.com/publications/tech_papers/oil_gas/hydrog.pdf
942			_cARCHIVO
999			_c153296 _d153296