000			03083nmc a2200265 4500
005			20260608201319.0
008			260224s xxu ing
041			_aInglés
100	1		_aClarke, Simon C. _925851
110	2		_aFoster Wheeler USA Corp. _95171
245	0	0	_aCO2 management - a refiners perspective
270			_a21/05/2009 ; 19/12/2003
500			_aPublicado en el sitio web de Foster Wheeler, donde pueden consultarse otros artículos sobre temas relacionados. ; Navegadores de Internet ; Adobe Acrobat (PDF)
520			_aProduction of CO2 globally has been brought into sharp focus in recent times through declarations such as the Kyoto accord, and also by industry leaders committing to tangible reductions. These statements and accords have committed to a reduction in CO2 production compared to established benchmark levels. But what does this mean for the refiner or any other industry for that matter? To fully understand the CO2 issue, it must be looked at from: ; A global perspective ; A country perspective ; An industry perspective The global issue of CO2 reduction has already been distilled down into country specific targets by Kyoto, which differ across the globe. A large multi-national oil company will have operations spread across several industries and spread across countries and continents. Countries are likely to target specific industries to meet their Kyoto commitments, resulting in an initially confused picture for the refiner. To solve this problem, the refiner and oil company must look towards adopting a CO2 Management Strategy across their various enterprises. This will take into account global, country specific and industry targets and look to meet commitments through technology, alternate business ventures, CO2 trading and efficiency gains. The CO2 Management Strategy also looks at the impact of changes to a product train in terms of CO2 production when enhancements are made - do changes really reduce CO2 when challenged via one of the different perspectives outlined above? A global focus will lead to different solutions in different places to either a country or industry focus. This paper reviews the general CO2 issues, and focuses on the supply chain of an integrated oil major. The paper then focuses on the refinery itself, and reviews sources of CO2 from a refinery and their relative quantities, and reviews specific actions that a refiner can take. This shows how a refiner, with some smart targeting and decision making, can position his business enterprises in the global marketplace of the coming years and benefit from enhanced operation and efficiency.
650		0	_aOperación de refinerías _97965
650		0	_aGestión ambiental _9224
650		0	_aContaminación atmosférica _91137
650		0	_aContaminantes del aire _921967
650		0	_aDióxido de carbono _9378
650		0	_aCostos ambientales _93292
710	2		_aFoster Wheeler USA Corp. _95171
942			_cARCHIVO
999			_c153293 _d153293
856			_uhttp://www.fwc.com/publications/tech_papers/oil_gas/CO2.pdf