| 000 | 02231nmc a2200217 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 005 | 20260520005825.0 | ||
| 008 | 260224s xxu | ||
| 082 | _aCD I249 1 0013788 | ||
| 245 | 0 | 0 | _aBlue stream gas-in procedure the injection of natural gas through the vacuum system |
| 270 | _a12/09/06 ; 22/07/2003 | ||
| 300 | _a11 p. | ||
| 500 | _aDisponible en CD en formato PDF | ||
| 520 | _aTranscripción del abstract original del autor:l This paper reports the outcome of gas-in operation relevant to the pipelines crossing the Black Sea. The methodology was based on natural gas injection under vacuum conditions down to a low pressure of 3.8x103 Pa (abs) (38 mbar), without use of pigs, and subsequent pressurisation up to a pressure of 1.5x105 Pa (abs) (1.5 bara). In order to avoid any risk of formation of a flammable air/gas mixture, a nitrogen batch was injected into the pipeline displacing the low pressure air prior to the natural gas filling. The Blue Stream Project is a pipeline transportation system for delivery of processed gas from the network in southern Russia to Turkey across the Black Sea. Two 24 inches O.D. (Outside Diameter) submarine pipelines are considered for the Black Sea crossing from Djubga (Russia) to a landfall east of Samsun (Turkey). The submarine pipelines follow two different routes, which for the most of their length are parallel, except on the Russian shelf. The routes, named West Route (W2) and East Route (E1) respectively, have a total length of about 390 and 382.5 km, reaching a maximum water depth of approximately 2,150 m. This Project represents a challenging work from a technological point of view, since it is the first sealine installed at more than 2000 m of water depth, in a sea environment having peculiar characteristics and presenting safety problems (high water pressure, landslides), and it is one of the few pipelines in the world laid by the J-lay technology. | ||
| 773 | _g | ||
| 942 | _cCONGTP | ||
| 100 | 1 |
_aMinnetti, Giuseppe _922396 |
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| 110 | 2 |
_aInternational Gas Union, IGU _913105 |
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| 111 | 2 |
_aWorld Gas Conference (22nd. : 2003 jun 1-5 : Tokyo) _922029 |
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| 710 | 2 |
_aInternational Gas Union, IGU _913105 |
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| 999 |
_c149753 _d149753 |
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