000			02904nmc a2200253 4500
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008			260224s2001 xxu ing
041			_aInglés
245	0	0	_aDisproportionate Permeability Reduction When a Silicate Gel is Formed In-Situ to Control Water Production _bSPE 69534
260			_aDallas, Texas _bSociety of Petroleum Engineers _c2001
270			_a12/09/06 ; 17/07/01
520			_aWater production from oil and gas reservoirs is increasing world-wide, as more reservoirs are becoming mature. In order to control water production, polymers or gels are injected into production wells to either block the flow, or to reduce water permeability. In the latter case the polymers/gels are known as relative permeability modifiers. In these treatments, a gel is often formed in-situ through a chemical reaction, creating a semi-solid material that is capable of modifying the permeability. To visualise the processes that occur during the flow of water and oil through a porous rock containing gel, experiments were conducted in transparent glass models in which the flow events can be observed. To form the gel in-situ, a novel alkyl silicate gelant was used, which is soluble in the oil phase, and which, when in contact with water, reacts to convert the water phase into a gel. From the flow observations, the underlying physics can be extracted and the basic mechanisms understood (reduction in effective pore size distribution, gel-bounded water, wetting films of free water, etc.). These mechanisms were used to develop a conceptual model, which consists of three main elements: pore space (bundle of capillary tubes), occupancy of the phases (fluid and gel distribution), and flow equations. The output from the conceptual model is the capillary pressure as a function of total water saturation and end-point relative permeability. The results from this model successfully represent the disproportionate permeability reduction observed in micromodels and core experiments, verifying the mechanisms included in the model. This model may be quickly and easily used to study the influence of pore size distribution, gelant concentration, and initial water saturation, before undertaking laboratory or more complex modelling studies.
942			_cCONGTP
100	1		_aGrattoni, C.A. _96218
100	1		_aJing, X.D. _96219
100	1		_aZimmerman, R.W. _96220
111	2		_aLatin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference (7th : 2001 mar. 25-28 : Buenos Aires, Argentina) _95738
700	1		_aJing, X.D. _96219
700	1		_aZimmerman, R.W. _96220
711	2		_aLatin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference (7th : 2001 mar. 25-28 : Buenos Aires, Argentina) _95738
800	1		_aGrattoni, C.A. _96218
999			_c131042 _d131042
856			_uhttps://biblioteca.iapg.org.ar/ArchivosAdjuntos/LACPEC2001/Spe69534.pdf