The exploration in fold and thrust belts has the timing of generation, charge and preservation of hydrocarbons as the main risks. This is due to a complex relationship between maturation of the source rocks and generation of the traps. One of the tools that allows to improve the evaluation of these factors is the modeling of petroleum systems.In the Agrio fold and thrust belt, modeling suggests that exhumation of the structures would be a key factor in the late expulsion of the HC generated from the Upper Jurassic and retained in the source rocks (Los Molles and Vaca Muerta formations), and shows the importance of secondary cracking in the distribution of fluids in the area. In the Rio Grande valley, models show the impact of the thermal effect of the sills intruded in source rock intervals on the contribution of hydrocarbons. Although the thickness affected by the sills is not very significant, the system is very efficient, with reservoirs in direct contact with the source rock intervals, and very short migration paths through the same faults in which the sills are housed.In the structure of Pampa Palauco, accumulations were modeled in the Liassic and Chachao Fm. reservoirs, with oils generate in the lacustrine Liassic and Vaca Muerta Fm. source rock intervals respectively.In the Malargüe area it was possible to model a main kitchen located between the structures of La Valenciana and the Malargüe Anticline. According to the models, two charging pulses that would explain the compositional differences of oils found in this sector can be inferred. Low maturity oils (less than % VRE 0.7) of the platform zone, which would have been generated in the Vaca Muerta Fm. prior to the development of the Malargüe Anticline structure. On the other hand, oils from the La Brea and Doña Juana sectors, with a greater maturity of the Vaca Muerta Fm. (Ro: 0.8-0.9%), generated once the Malargüe Anticline structure was developed, and together with the deposits of the Pincheira-Ventana basin.