Successful exploration depends on a variety of factors being basin modelling decisive. It requires the knowledge of the processes involved in its formation in order to determine whether the necessary conditions for the generation and storage of hydrocarbons have been achieved. Broadly, distribution of the organic matter along geological time in the productive basins coincides with the major events that took place in the Gondwana margin. Thus integrating surface and subsurface tectosedimentary study may help understand the petroleum systems. The Vaca Muerta-Quintuco system (Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous) in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) has attracted much attention due to its potential as a major unconventional reservoir with shale and tight oil and gas plays.It’s geological and petrophysical variations are significantly linked to the geodynamic history of the basin strongly related to the transition from extensional reactivation to thermal relaxation and to its definite pass to flexural dominated subsidence. Major cyclic events related to sea oscillations provided the proper marine environment conditions to promote the development of several organic rich levels. The Vaca Muerta Formation comprises a wide variety of lithologies like shales, mudstones, marlstones, carbonates, calcareous sandstones and sandstones. Subsurface data, obtained from mud logging, cores and open well logs are also consistent with it. Clear vertical and lateral heterogeneities in the organic rich facies were reported and proved to be associated with the post-rift subsidence interrupted by inverse reactivation and ancient rift block uplifting interacting with the eustatic changes, east-west basin asymmetry, climate changes and the initiation of the flexural subsidence in the foreland region. In this paper a comprehensive analysis using outcrop, well, and laboratory data of the Vaca Muerta Formation in the central portion of the basin is presented with the purpose of analyzing the distribution of the organic matter and the possible geological controls the could have underwent within a sequence stratigraphic framework.