TY - BOOK AU - Zee Ma,Y. AU - Holditch,Stephen A. TI - Unconventional oil and gas resources handbook: Evaluation and development U1 - 622.338.5 Z43 0015548 PY - 2016/// CY - Oxford PB - Elsevier KW - Yacimientos no convencionales KW - Reservas KW - Reservas de petróleo KW - Reservas de gas natural KW - Geoquímica KW - Evaluación de reservas de hidrocarburos KW - Shale Gas KW - Porosidad KW - Geomecánica KW - Fracturación hidráulica KW - Microsísmica KW - Interpretación de perfiles KW - Tight gas KW - Coalbed methane KW - Glosarios KW - Terminología N2 - While different definitions have been proposed for unconventional resources, we consider the subsurface hydrocarbon resources that are tight and must be developed using large hydraulic fracture treatments or methods such as steam injection to be unconventional reservoirs. These geological formations generally have very low permeability or high viscosity; they include tight gas sandstones, shale gas, coalbed methanes, shale oil, oil or tar sands, heavy oil, gas hydrates, and other low-permeability tight formations. On the other hand, conventional reservoirs are those that can be economically developed generally with vertical wellbores and without the use of massive stimulation treatments or the injection of heat. Before the recent downturn in the oil industry, development of unconventional resources had a terrific run, especially in the North Americas. For example, the U.S. has been producing more oil than it had since the 1970’s as a result of oil production from unconventional plays. While crude oil price went down dramatically in late 2014 and early 2015, there may be a silver lining behind the recent price plunge. Historically, the crude oil price has been very volatile, increasing and then decreasing suddenly, but the worldwide consumption of oil and gas keep increasing annually. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has recently reported that the world oil demand is expanding at a fast pace and it was raising its estimate for demand growth in the long term. Also, the industry has historically been able to improve the efficiency of extracting hydrocarbons when facing the challenges of low prices. A downturn gives us some time to step back, review what has been done, and think about possible improvements and innovations. Efficiency can be fostered by an integrated, multidisciplinary approach and innovative technologies for evaluation and development of unconventional resources. Large heterogeneity of unconventional formations and high extraction costs lead to substantial uncertainty and risk in developing these reservoirs. Multidisciplinary approaches in evaluating these resources are critical to successful development. This multidisciplinary approach is why we have assembled this handbook that covers a wide range of topics for developing unconventional resources ER -