03502nam a2200397 4500 0015548 20260608202958.0 260224s2016 xxu 622.338.5 Z43 0015548 Unconventional oil and gas resources handbook Evaluation and development Oxford Elsevier 2016 20/04/2016 ; 20/04/2016 536 p. While different definitions have been proposed for unconventional resources, we consider the subsurface hydrocarbon resources that are tight and must be developed using large hydraulic fracture treatments or methods such as steam injection to be unconventional reservoirs. These geological formations generally have very low permeability or high viscosity; they include tight gas sandstones, shale gas, coalbed methanes, shale oil, oil or tar sands, heavy oil, gas hydrates, and other low-permeability tight formations. On the other hand, conventional reservoirs are those that can be economically developed generally with vertical wellbores and without the use of massive stimulation treatments or the injection of heat. Before the recent downturn in the oil industry, development of unconventional resources had a terrific run, especially in the North Americas. For example, the U.S. has been producing more oil than it had since the 1970’s as a result of oil production from unconventional plays. While crude oil price went down dramatically in late 2014 and early 2015, there may be a silver lining behind the recent price plunge. Historically, the crude oil price has been very volatile, increasing and then decreasing suddenly, but the worldwide consumption of oil and gas keep increasing annually. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has recently reported that the world oil demand is expanding at a fast pace and it was raising its estimate for demand growth in the long term. Also, the industry has historically been able to improve the efficiency of extracting hydrocarbons when facing the challenges of low prices. A downturn gives us some time to step back, review what has been done, and think about possible improvements and innovations. Efficiency can be fostered by an integrated, multidisciplinary approach and innovative technologies for evaluation and development of unconventional resources. Large heterogeneity of unconventional formations and high extraction costs lead to substantial uncertainty and risk in developing these reservoirs. Multidisciplinary approaches in evaluating these resources are critical to successful development. This multidisciplinary approach is why we have assembled this handbook that covers a wide range of topics for developing unconventional resources LIBRO Zee Ma, Y. 55320 Holditch, Stephen A. 4176 Yacimientos no convencionales 693 Reservas 21839 Reservas de petróleo 9272 Reservas de gas natural 4054 Geoquímica 992 Evaluación de reservas de hidrocarburos 14375 Shale Gas 49725 Porosidad 55 Geomecánica 565 Fracturación hidráulica 83 Microsísmica 602 Interpretación de perfiles 1662 Tight gas 701 Coalbed methane 52606 Glosarios 7062 Terminología 267 189525 189525 0 0 0 0 257344 BAAB BAAB 622.338.5 Z43 0015548 2026-03-06 200061763 0 622.338.5 Z43 0015548 200061763 2026-03-06 00:19:42 2026-03-06 Libro