TY  - DATA
AU  - Friedheim,James
AU  - Guo,Quan
ED  - Congreso Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Perforación, Terminación, Reparación y Servicio de Pozos (2012 ago. 7-70 : Buenos Aires)
TI  - Environmentally friendly drilling fluids for unconventional shale
U1  - CD I116 61 0015296 
PY  - 2012///
CY  - [Buenos Aires]
PB  - Instituto Argentino del Petróleo y del Gas, IAPG
N2  - Although gas/oil shale vary considerably in terms of reservoir pressure, temperature, mineralogy and local stresses, the principal drilling-related issues are wellbore stability, hole cleaning and rate of penetration. Because most of the shale reservoirs are in environmentally sensitive and/or densely populated areas, the traditional shale inhibition method through either chemical inhibition or invert emulsions may not be enough to satisfy future environmental requirement, which will require new types of environment-friendly water-based drilling fluids. This paper presents a new water-based drilling fluid and the associated test results for shale play drilling. It shows the design of an environmentally and economically acceptable fluid that meets stringent fluid performance, wellbore stability and drilling performance goals. The newly developed water-based mud is based on fresh water. Viscosity and fluid-loss are controlled with chloride free and environmentally-friendly products. Shale inhibition is provided using appropriately-sized nanoparticles by plugging the pores and micro-cracks in shale and preventing water invasion into the shale. Permeability reduction was used as a proxy of water invasion reduction into shale and thus the effectiveness of plugging of pores and micro-fractures in shale by nanoparticles. Many orders of permeability reduction were consistently observed for muds with nanoparticles for several oil/gas shale. Test results showed that although nanoparticles alone may be effective in preventing water invasion into shale samples with no micro-cracks, the combination of properly formulated mud and nanoparticles of appropriate material, size and concentration is the key to preventing water flow into shale samples with a wide range of initial permeability. This new water-based drilling fluid with nanoparticles provides an entirely different type of shale inhibition by physically plugging the shale micro-cracks and pores while meeting the strictest environmental regulations and the necessary lubricity for shale play drilling. This newly developed environmentally friendly water-based mud for unconventional shale drilling is under field trial and verification
UR  - https://biblioteca.iapg.org.ar/ArchivosAdjuntos/Congreso-Latino-Perforacion-terminacion-reparacion-y-servicio-2012/J.pdf
ER  -