01909nab a2200205 4500 20260520001038.0 260224s2008 xxu Utility payments in Ukraine: Affordability, subsidies and arrears nov. 2008 23/06/2011 ; 23/06/2011 8 p. ; 4178-4185 Transcripción del resumen del autor. Excess heat from a kraft pulp mill can be used either internally to increase the level of efficiency in the mill, or externally for example as district heating. This paper presents an approach to investigate the competition between external and internal use through modelling the pulp mill and an energy company (ECO) within the same system boundary. Three different sizes of ECOs with different district heating demands are studied. To investigate the competitiveness of using industrial excess heat as district heating compared with other heat production techniques, the option of investing in excess heat use is introduced, along with the possibility for the ECO to invest in biomass combined heat and power (CHP), waste CHP and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC). To evaluate the robustness of the model, alternative solutions are identified and will be used as a comparison to the optimal solutions. The model has been verified by comparing the results with previous studies concerning kraft pulp mills and with related studies regarding district heating and real ECOs. Finally, the approach presented in this part of the study will be used in the second part in order to investigate the trade-off between internal and external use of excess heat under different future energy market scenarios. 11 Energy Policy 36 ARTICULO Svensson, Inger-Lise 50403 Jönsson, Johanna 50404 Berntsson, Thore 50405 183039 183039 0 0 0 0 250858 BAAB BAAB 2026-03-05 200055086 0 200055086 2026-03-05 23:53:14 2026-03-05 ARTICULO