01912nab a2200193 4500 20260520000838.0 260224s2009 xxu Comparison of natural upward and downward smoldering using the volume reaction method nov./dic. 2009 09/06/2010 ; 09/06/2010 8 p. ; 5813-5820 Transcripción del resumen del autor. Natural forward smoldering (which normally occurs in thermochemical conversion of solid fuel) and natural reverse smoldering (which normally occurs in self-ignition fire in piled materials) have been compared theoretically using the volume reaction method. One-dimensional vertical propagation of piled char powder smoldering was used as the model case, in which upward smoldering is reverse smoldering while downward smoldering is forward smoldering. Calculation has revealed that there is significant difference between natural upward and downward smoldering. The following applies in our simulation case: (1) Upward smoldering is dominated by kinetics of char oxidation while downward smoldering is oxygen transport controlled. (2) The propagation velocity of upward smoldering is more than ten times faster than that of downward smoldering. However, the degree of carbon conversion of upward smoldering is much less than that of downward smoldering. (3) The temperature inside the fuel bed of upward smoldering (<630 K) is significantly lower than that of downward smoldering (600-900 K). (4) Char oxidation occurs at very low oxygen fractions (<5%) in either upward or downward smoldering. These characteristics predicted via theoretical analysis are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations in the literature. 6 Energy & fuels 23 ARTICULO Behrendt, Frank 42351 He, Fang 42352 170822 170822 0 0 0 0 238641 BAAB BAAB 2026-03-05 200045676 0 200045676 2026-03-05 15:13:10 2026-03-05 ARTICULO