02499nam a2200205 4500 20260522143318.0 260224s xxu Hamre, Sigurd 41919 Johannessen, Arve 41920 International Gas Union 21624 World Gas Conference (23rd. : 2006 jun 5-9 : Amsterdam, The Netherlands) 39854 Challenges in creating an Infrastructure for the Transportation of Gas Prepared for WOC 3 - Study Group 3.3 02/09/2025 ; 2009-09-02 19 p. Este documento está en CD en nuestra biblioteca, consulte por su disponibilidad. Exploration for, and production of hydrocarbons has in recent years moved to deep water frontiers at ever increasing distances from the potential markets. For production offshore liquid hydrocarbons are relatively easily produced to FPSO's and transported to the markets by shuttle tankers, the challenge on how to transport gas from fields far from the markets and/or at large water depths remains. The industry has hitherto concentrated its efforts on converting relatively small volumes of gas to liquids in the form of LNG, LPG, NGL, diesel or methanol which can be transported to the markets by conventional means. However, the energy used in converting the gas to liquids and the operational costs are significant and transportation by pipeline could therefore be the preferred solution for transportation of large volumes of gas provided the necessary infrastructure can be created. For this to succeed problems associated with the construction of large diameter, long distance offshore pipelines, possibly crossing deep waters need to be solved. Additionally problems associated with long distance tie-backs of remote gas fields, often in deep waters to platforms or land based facilities need to be addressed. Onshore, environmental issues play an increasing part in determining the feasibility of constructing and operating pipelines. Also of importance onshore is the perceived safety related to low pressure pipelines This paper will present a state of the art of the technologies available for such construction. Limitations of available technologies will be discussed and possible ways forward will be presented. The paper will further show a way forward to create the infrastructure required to make gas the "Fuel of Choice" /1/. Noruega 21651 CONGTP ddc 170428 170428 0 0 0 0 238247 BAAB BAAB 2026-03-05 200045265 0 200045265 2026-03-05 15:12:39 2026-03-05 CONGTP