TY  - DATA
AU  - Widgery,David
ED  - International Gas Union, IGU
ED  - World Gas Conference (22nd. : 2003 jun 1-5 : Tokyo)
ED  - International Gas Union, IGU
TI  - Pipelines for stranged gas reserves: cutting the cost
U1  - CD I249 1 0013788 
N1  - Disponible en CD en formato PDF
N2  - Transcripción del abstract original del autor: For most of the second half of the 20th century, the speed with which a gas pipeline could be laid was paramount but control of costs was not always as tight as in other industries. As the 21st century advances, the more accessible reserves will become exhausted and there will be a demand to bring more distant ones on stream. If stranded resources are to be released, and if pipelines are to remain a preferred method of gas transport, major reductions in the cost of pipelines must be achieved. This paper presents a view of some advances that will contribute to this. Improved welding technology promises to double the speed with which the first weld run can be made, which determines the speed of advance of the whole pipeline. For subsequent weld runs, a dual tandem welding arc system aims to halve the number of welding stations on the line. Steels of 550 MPa minimum proof strength are now being more widely used, and a further increase to 690 MPa is imminent. This will challenge welding manufacturers and users, but metallurgical developments are aimed at achieving the required mechanical properties in a robust way and avoiding cracks and other defects
ER  -