02126nmc a2200205 4500 20260521184722.0 260224s xxu CD I249 1 0013788 Caruso, Salvatore 22131 International Gas Union, IGU 13105 World Gas Conference (22nd. : 2003 jun 1-5 : Tokyo) 22029 Blue stream ready for gas transportation 12/09/06 ; 22/07/2003 16 p. Disponible en CD en formato PDF Transcripción del abstract original del autor: This paper presents and details the Blue Stream project through the various phases for the section managed by BSPC (Blue Stream Pipeline Company BV), from the very beginning to its conclusion, with deep analyses of main features and characteristics as well as the various challenging matters faced and overcome, opening a new frontier for the laying of pipelines in deep water. The project consists of three main segments: the onshore section in the Russian territory from Stavropol to the Black Sea coast controlled by Gazprom, the section of BSPC to cross the Black Sea and the onshore part in the Turkish territory from Samsun to Ankara managed by Botas. The BSPC part consists respectively of one Compressor Station in Beregovaya close to the Russian coast on the Black Sea and two offshore pipelines of 24" Nominal Diameter at the world's record depth of 2,150 m. The Offshore Section was realised laying the pipelines both with standard S-Lay mode in shallow waters and with the innovative J-Lay method for the main part of the routes. J-Lay was executed through the Saipem 7000 (S7000) vessel, custom modified for the purpose. Various technical difficulties had to be solved, such as the geohazard in the Russian steep slope, the presence of H2S in the seawater and the laying at very deep water. The project is ready for the first gas flow from Russia to Turkish market and the first gas flow occurred at the beginning of year 2002. International Gas Union, IGU 13105 CONGTP ddc 149521 149521 0 0 0 0 217340 BAAB BAAB CD I249 1 0013788 2026-03-04 200025514 0 CD I249 1 0013788 200025514 2026-03-04 16:38:42 2026-03-04 ARCHIVO