TY  - DATA
AU  - Mauro,C.A.
AU  - Land,C.G.
AU  - Pimenta,J.M.H.A.
AU  - Brandão,M.V.L.
AU  - Barreto,F.C.P.
AU  - Marroig,N.L.
AU  - Fadel,A.L.F.
AU  - Land,C.G.
AU  - Pimenta,J.M.H.A.
AU  - Brandão,M.V.L.
AU  - Barreto,F.C.P.
AU  - Marroig,N.L.
AU  - Fadel,A.L.F.
ED  - Petrobras
ED  - World Petroleum Congress (16th. : 2000 jun. 11-15 : Calgary, Alberta, Canada)
ED  - Petrobras
TI  - The brazilian dilution method for ballast water exchange
U1  - CD W938 1 0013960 
N2  - Resumen del autor, extraído del trabajo. In a precautionary approach and dealing with the coming International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations on ballast water, PETROBRAS developed a new method for ballast water exchange in tankers. Differently from ordinary methods PETROBRAS’ method which have been called BRAZILIAN DILUTION METHOD (BDM) involves ballast loading through the top with simultaneous unloading from the bottom of the tanks. The method proposal was firstly presented to IMO, which encouraged PETROBRAS to carry out a field trial. PETROBRAS in June 1998 carried out a trial in the product carrier M/V Lavras. A simulation study was useful to plan the trial assessing the theoretical efficiency of the method, establishing the best sampling points and comparing the BDM with the Tank Overfilling Method (TOM). Simulation showed that for the same tank shape, the water renewal in BDM is more effective than in TOM and that 90 % of water renewal could be obtained by BDM. A dye concentration variation monitoring and a biological assessment were performed and the results confirmed that over than 90 % of the ballast water was renewed after three exchanges. The method was proved safe, practical, economical and suitable to minimize the risk of exotic species transport between ports
ER  -