Biomass-to-Liquids fuel and Cellulosic Ethanol are often referred to as "the second generation of biofuels", presenting as major advantage over sugarcane-based or corn-based ethanol and seed-based biodiesel the fact that their production techniques do not interfere with the food chain. On the other hand an obstacle still to be overcome is how to secure feedstock supply in an amount that enables commercially viable production. The purpose of this paper is to assess how Brazil could take advantage of its large territory and plentiful natural resources, among other sources, to become one of the world-leading countries in the production of second-generation biomass-based biofuels.